Introduction To Power Cables

Power cables have been in use for over a century. In 1879, the American inventor T.A. Edison created a cable by wrapping jute around copper rods, inserting the assembly into iron pipes, and filling the space with an asphalt mixture; he installed this cable in New York, pioneering underground power transmission. The following year, the British inventor Callender developed power cables insulated with asphalt-impregnated paper. In 1889, S.Z. Ferranti (UK) installed a 10 kV oil-impregnated paper-insulated cable between London and Deptford. By 1908, a 20 kV cable network had been established in the UK, and the application of power cables became increasingly widespread. In 1911, Germany installed a 60 kV high-voltage cable, marking the beginning of high-voltage cable development. In 1913, the German engineer M. Höchstädter developed the "Hochstädter" cable (featuring individual phase shielding); this innovation improved the internal electric field distribution and eliminated tangential stress on the insulation surface, representing a milestone in the evolution of power cables. In 1952, Sweden installed a 380 kV extra-high-voltage (EHV) cable at a northern power plant, realizing the practical application of EHV cables. By the 1980s, ultra-high-voltage (UHV) power cables rated at 1,100 kV and 1,200 kV had been manufactured.